Monday, December 16, 2013

Blog Post #56 - Magic of Number 11 - Number tricks and facts

When I visited India last time I had the privilege of visiting my sister's school and witness the Math Exhibition.
Honestly I have been not been to any education related exhibition let alone Math exhibition. I had a lot of interest and so did Arnav - my son.

We finally made it and we learnt some really interesting concepts.

Here is one 

What is 82+9? A kid told me " Om namashivaya, Mata Amritananda Mayi.. - some prayer and tribute to her ( the school is Mata  Amritanandamayi's mission) in any case..

and finally told me switch the numbers before you add.
I said what do you mean?

Instead of adding 82+9 add 89+2?
Swap the bigger digit to the first number and add! Voila. I call that Math Magic.

I started teaching this to my son.

They taught me multiplication by 11 (which I re-read now in another book)

Here is how it works

17*11=

write down 1 and space and 11 = 1-7

Now to fill the space add 1+8= 9 .
Now drop that 9 into space between 1 and 7
187.

It woks pretty much for all numbers without a carry over . Now consider 92 *11
Now give the carryover to first number making it 1012.

(Steps 9-2.. to get the number in space 9+2. 11.leave the 1 in the space now give the first 1 to 9 making it 10.)

Now try 98 *11 
1078

What do you know about 11?

From our favorite wikipedia you can learn the following

In English, it is the smallest positive integer requiring three syllables and the largest prime number with a single-morpheme name.

11 is the 5th smallest prime number.

It is the smallest two-digit prime number in the decimal base

Displayed on a calculator, 11 is a strobogrammatic prime and a dihedral prime because it reads the same whether the calculator is turned upside down or reflected on a mirror, or both.

If a number is divisible by 11, reversing its digits will result in another multiple of 11. 

As long as no two adjacent digits of a number added together exceed 9, then multiplying the number by 11, reversing the digits of the product, and dividing that new number by 11, will yield a number that is the reverse of the original number. 
(For example: 142,312 x 11 = 1,565,432. 2,345,651 / 11 = 213,241.)

Apollo 11 was the first manned spacecraft to land on the Moon.

There are 11 players on a soccer team on the field at a time as well as in a cricket team. Within a school or college, the phrase first eleven (or first XI) - often "first football XI" and "first cricket XI" - generally refers to the first (best) team currently playing. Other teams are often referred to as "the second XI" etc.

Also in soccer, in the German language (and others like Italian - "gli undici metri" -, countries that predominantly use the metric system) a penalty kick is referred to as "Elfmeter" because the penalty spot is approximately 11m (precisely 12 yards) from the goal line. 


There are 11 players in a field hockey team. The player wearing 11 will usually play on the left-hand side, as in soccer.

An American football team also has 11 players on the field at one time during play. 11 is also worn by quarterbacks, kickers, punter and wide receivers in American football's NFL.

In cricket, the 11th batsman is usually the weakest batsman, at the end of the tail. He is primarily in the team for his bowling abilities.

World War I ended with an Armistice on November 11, 1918, which went into effect at 11:00 am—the 11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month of the year. Armistice Day is still observed on November 11 of each year, although it is now called Veterans Day in the United States and Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations and parts of Europe.

Three films -- Ben-Hur (1959), Titanic (1997), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) -- have each won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture of their respective years.

The number 11 is important in numerology, as it is the first of the Master Numbers.

Being only one hour before 12:00, the eleventh hour means the last possible moment to take care of something, and often implies a situation of urgent danger or emergency (see Doomsday clock).

The number 11 bus is a low-cost way of sightseeing in London

In the game of blackjack, an Ace can be counted as either one or 11, whichever is more advantageous for the player.


Happy Learning
Sivakumar Manikanteswaran

Sunday, December 15, 2013

Blog Post #55 - A student went to a teacher and said I cannot learn more and the teacher went to grab a big kettle full of tea..

The Zen teacher told the student that he can leave after he has a cup of tea. The student agreed. The teacher got him a cup and started pouring tea.. and poured more and poured more.. the little cup couldn't take the big kettle's content and started overflowing (What a waste of tea!).

The student said "Master,the little cup cannot take this much tea..stop". The Master replied "Yes. You must empty the cup before I pour more"

The short story is meant to illustrate that most of the time our mind is not empty. We know a lot of stuff and we think we know a lot of stuff.

When someone talks about Africa we think we know everything. When someone talks about Gandhi we know a lot .

Unless we empty our mind we cannot learn.

We ask kids to study. They also learn.

There is a big difference and kids know that they can learn because their mind is empty and they know it. Adults study a lot from books from the world (and from useless blogs like mine) and still don't learn.

We ask kids to do home work . What the kids need to do is home learning. What adults need to do is learn along with the kids.

These are my 2 favorite Quotes from Albert Einstein

I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious.

It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education.

Happy Learning
Sivakumar Manikanteswaran


Blog Post #54 - Genghis Khan Chanakya Alexander (Why should I call him great?) and Sadhu(Learned Man)

Time to revisit Alexander and his visit to India.

Conspiracy theory holds that Alexander( note I will resist writing Alexander "the Great" for as much as possible in this post ) was requested by his mentor and Greek intellectuals that he can take all the wealth that he wins ( I don't know why they need to tell him that given that he is the emperor who won) but bring back Sadhu(s) from India to exchange ideas and debate intellectually.

Not sure if this was the advise from him mentor and teacher Aristotle but it does make sense that Greeks, Indians,Chinese,Egyptians, Babylonians and Mesopotamians were the only famous human groups at that time.

We had the native africans, native americans - native indians (they won't have known that just because columbus lost his way and Americo Vespucci had the privilege they became native indians/native americans) native humans who were less popular.

Now let turn to Mongolia from where a young lad ( I think he was 14) when he was crowned a king (note not a prince) he started capturing territories and made an empire.

The chinese who were scared of the Mongols attach build a wall not around the house , not around the king's place, not even around the capital or towns (like forts) but around the entire country...

Imagine a wall to protect china because Mongolos were attacking all the time and some claim that it is the only man made structure visible for naked eye from space (which is proved to be false.google it)

In 1215, Genghis Khan (Temuchin) of the Mongols finally penetrated the Great Wall and took over northern China after four years of continuous attacks.  The Mongols were the only invaders to ever have defeated China after the Great Wall was built.

One of the tactics Genghis Khan used was( again it is all history + story I don't know the truth but sounds logical to me.. if it is logical to me it must be true and must be logical to you!)

Kill every single man,woman,child and just leave one man alive and ask that man to go forward to the next village he was planning to attack. .ost villages surrended when they heard the horror story from this lone survivors.

In essence it was not chariots and cavalry (with horse power!) and not arrows and not elephants or not gun powder or drones or germs(biological) or chemical attack but fear! Just pure raw fear that surfaces when one explains what happened to every man,woman and child was enough to surrender the entire town or village to the incoming Genghis Khan army.



Genghis Khan is the Greater than Alexander in terms of square area captured


Alexander conquered 2,000,000 square miles.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MacedonEmpire.jpg and http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/murchib/history/world/Notes/Euro/Greece/Alex.html




GenghisKhan on the contrary has an empire that stretched across Asia to Central Europe much much bigger than Alexander. The adjective "The Great" confused everyone and Greek language is closely related to English than Mongolian. I am not sure if Genghis Khan has a nick name - Genghis Khan The Man who will always be greater than every man who adds an adjective "The great.."( I am not sure if he was concerned about woman with similar titles)

It was the largest contiguous and second largest empire in world history, five times greater than the Macedonian Empire, much larger than the Persian Empire and Roman Empire, and twice as large as the Arab Empire. The Empire of Genghis Khan was four times larger than that of Alexander the Great.  So figure about 8,000,000 square miles.  I exclude the successors of Genghis since they built on what he had already conquered.





Onto Chanakya , who has been portrayed as Machiavelli which in my opinion was not true. He wrote 2 books one for economics which few people mention and the other is his theories on political savvy  and victory which  lot of folks associate him with.

It is notable to understand that India still uses these in foriegn diplomacy and so does Brazil. 
India has peaceful relations with Iran and Iraq,Cuba,Russia and America,Palestine(though not an official country) and Israel and everywhere else where there is diplomacy issue. India and Pakistan is the only place ironically India cannot use this tactics.

So does Brazil. Think Brazil won both  

FIFA world soccer from 12 June to 13 July 2014 and 
Summer Olympics August 5 to 21, 2016

thanks to their diplomacy. You can see their leaders in Russia,Cuba,India and Cuba. 
To bring 2 of the world's greatest events for this decade to the same country is a wonderful achievement. I am not sure if they read any of Chankya's books.

What does Chankya have to do with Alexender?



Chanakya took it upon himself to rebuild Indian princely states and recapture Greek territories by making  Chandra Gupta the emperor.

Chandra Gupta or his son married Alexander's commander's Seleucus daughter  Cornelia, thus being ahead of his time and Rajiv Gandhi in marrying a Italian lady... the foreign lady in Indian land.

In addition to this matrimonial recognition or alliance, Seleucus dispatched an ambassador, Megasthenes, to the Mauryan court at Pataliputra (Modern Patna in Bihar state).  






Onto Alexander and the Sadhu(Holy man!)


As you read at the beginning of this post Alexander was tasked to bring back Sadhu(as) to Greece for intellectual exchange of knowledge.

Like any good leader Alexander delegated the task to his commander who in turn delegated to the soldiers.

Finally it was between a soldier and one of the Sadhus who was sleeping under a tree.

Solder commanded the Sadhu to come and meet the greatest emperor king of all kings Alexander.
Sadhu replied to the soldier - Alexander may be your king and emperor not mine.
The Sadhu reported this to the commander and the commander to Alexander . There were orders from Alexander  not to hurt ( I assume) so they didn't hurt or force the Sadhu to meet Alexander .

Alexander  came in person to meet the Sadhu.

Alexander commanded him to come along with him to Greece for which the Sadhu said If I listen to you I won't be an Sadhu and an intellectual . For a man who have given up everything and in pursuit of knowledge  I cannot let you make decisions for me and I will not accept your decision.

Alexander  got angry as his soldiers and commanders were watching and didn't want to lost to a lone Sadhu.

Alexander pulled  his knife and kept on the Sadhu's throat and cut a small inch from where blodd started to come out and he yelled I will kill you if you don't come with me and the Sadhu said

I will watch you kill me the way you will watch killing me!
Interesting.

Think about it.

The Sadhu taught Alexander that I am not this body and if you kill this body my soul will watch this body getting killed just like how your soul will watch this incident.

Learning this profound wisdom Alexander surrendered to the Sadhu.

Great story right. I really don't know the truth but it is great to write things like ..

growing up in India I love Masala movies. Hollywood might have made movies but we made masala movies with Item numbers..songs dance heroes killing 500 bad guys at the same time. So making Alexander lose to this Sadhu in this blog was no big deal!.

Don't lose the lesson though - the body the soul and the story.

Now Alexander will forever be part of Indian history and has always been referred to as sikander. According to Wikipedia  Sikandar is the Pashto version of the name Alexander, after Alexander the Great. It is alternatively spelled Sikkandar Sikander or Iskander.

Happy Learning
Sivakumar Manikanteswaran

Monday, December 9, 2013

Blog Post #53 - What Cost 2.7billion dollars in 1991 $$ is costing $500 + ipad and in future drop to around $50?

What is Human Genome project?

Have you ever had blood test? Do you know what they are testing and how they do it? You may not care. Now, you should atleast care about Gene Sequencing. Why?

Answer - Human Genome project
and its implications on your life..coming to a lab near you.

If you were not sleeping in your biology class  (like me!) you would have understood the difference between DNA,RNA and Genes.







Gene Makes up DNA. 
DNA makes up Chromosome.
DNA , genes, and chromosomes -all- are present in the nucleus of the cell.

Every cell has DNA 





and this is how a DNA looks



You might also Know the 23 pairs of Chromosomes in each cell 





Every chromosome has a number except 23rd chromosome - which is denoted by X or Y.


Every gene is made up of chromosome from few hundred to 2 million .




and each human body has 20,000 and 25,000 genes and this is a gene








Why should you learn about Cell, Gene,Chromosome and DNA?

Because it is your body and the government spent 2.7billion to sequence your genes and currently the cost is dropping to $500 + ipad to view the results at least for this Guradian reporter - 
Carole Cadwalladr interesting article check out her observations on Human Genome Project and cost at http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/jun/08/genome-sequenced


Lots and lots of medical field break thorough are expected from this .


Watch Bill Clinton at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_8XRkb-wbY



This is video footage of President William Jefferson Clinton  speaking at an event in which it was announced that the first survey of the entire human genome had been completed, along with Dr. Francis Collins and Dr. J. Craig Venter. Prime Minister Tony Blair delivered remarks via satellite telecast. This footage is official public record produced by the White House Television (WHTV) crew, provided by the Clinton Presidential Library.

http://www.genome.gov/11006943



As we go into 21st century (Why is it called 21st century when it is still 2013? - not sure.!) we continue to 


1. Looking Inward - Explore our planet - for now we don't know what is at the core of earth

2. Looking upward/Outward - Explore moon and Mars while satellites are going all over the universe. Planned missions to Jupiter's moon (where there is evidence of ice) and other explorations 
3.Looking Inside humans - which is where the human genome comes into play.

In few short years your Quest/CPL or some lab will charge you $50 with $20 co-pay not covered by insurance or with some obscure words like co-insurance and you will have your genes sequenced and sent back to your doctor and /or your employer or your girlfriend or boyfriend.


Why?


The human genome sequence can help understand if you have genes that might cause cancer  in effect 


helping your girlfriend/boyfriend decide whether she should dump you or getting married (and live happily ever after ) 

or 

your employer deciding to hire you based on human genome sequence just like drug test today 

or 

your Primary care Doctor who genuinely wants to help you  by helping you identify diseases early ( I am sure you are not running/walking 3 times a week or eating healthy but want to live long healthy life like me.. so always be friendly with your doctor!)

The above mentioned 3 instances are mentioned just for fun as no one knows exactly what might happen in the future but here is a fact.


Steve Jobs also had his genome sequenced for $100,000 - it was widely reported in the 


media and now it is even in wikipedia!

What will I do if there is no Wikipedia? What will google do if there is no wikipedia as 


google's answer's engine runs on top of wikipedia!




Happy Gene Sequencing

Sivakumar Manikanteswaran








Sunday, December 8, 2013

Blog Post #52 - When was Jesus Born - Jan 1 0 AD/BC ? How to know what day of the week is Christmas?

The last post explained clearly (It was clear to me so it should be clear to you) how to solve for Jan 1 2014 and asked you to solve for Jan 1 2030.

Recap

Jan 1 2030

2030
Remove 2030

20

25% of 30 = 7( Not sure when was the last time you tipped 25% in a restaurant but that was a good way to remember this formula - tip 25% and ask the waitress to keep the change. If it a waiter take the change!)

Add 30+7 = 37.

I did tell you about the leap year problem(2030 is not leap year so no issues)

Closest 7 multiplier is 35 

Take 37-35 = 2 = Tuesday ( 1 was Monday all the way to 7/0 was Sunday)

Now the question is what about Christmas 2013?

Remember to solve Christmas 2013 you need to solve Jan 1 2014 which was Wednesday and use the same answer.


Always find Jan 1 of next year and it is the same day. 


Why? Because Christmas and New Year always fall on the same day... year after year..like magic.

The fact is that we all forget that mathematics (this I heard in some Ted talks)

must be

1. Computational
2.Applicational
3. Inspirational.

In these posts I want to stay with 1 and 2 (like your school teachers) and will hope you will be inspired!.

No, that is not my plan.

Think - what is Isomorphism?

From Princeton University website

Isomorphisms are studied in mathematics in order to extend insights from one phenomenon to others: if two objects are isomorphic, then any property which is preserved by an isomorphism and which is true of one of the objects, is also true of the other

so those folks know what it is. I don't.

So as long as we understand that Calendar days follow certain truths we can extend our knowledge from one application to next.

What does this inspire you to do? Get an App so not to mess with this formula? Write a new app with these formula?

I know the purpose of Gregorian calendar was to ensure we all celebrate Easter.

Why? Resurrection of Jesus is the miracle that helped people understand he was son of God so pope  Pope Gregory XIII's  decided to commision Mathematicians to create a calendar for all of us (Whether Christian or not!).

We are now in 2013 AD.

A.D. (Anno Domini or "year of our Lord") was meant to mean after the birth of Jesus. 

Current nomenclature uses CE and BCE (Common Era) as the estimation of the birth year of Jesus, made by Dionysius Exiguus in the sixth century is now considered inaccurate. 

Using the chronology of events in the Bible and known dates of Roman historical events, the birth must have taken place between 6 BCE and 4 BCE. 

Have you started observing ACE and BCE in text books and history channels? If not, 

I am assuming you are watching roman numerals - in super bowl and have not come to Arabic and Post Arabic Mathematical World.

So no one knows on Jan 1 0 AD/BC what happened Just like how you don't remember 12/8/2012 unless something interesting happened to you.

Make today memorable .

I read somewhere

Yesterday is History
Tomorrow is Mystery
Today is a Present. Use it .

Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays 

We will talk about Kwanzaa and Hanukkah soon.

Sivakumar Manikanteswaran




Blog Post #51 - What day is Jan 2014? How to teach your kid (or the kid in you) how to find day for a Jan 1 of any year ? - Math and Life Series


Some of us learnt growing up in India how to calculate day for a given date but do remember that formula was for the last century!

Can you believe almost all of my friends were born in last century. Really old fellas (is it fellis for women? Why do women sometimes say lets go guys to other woman.. ok. that is another different post!)

Secrets of Mental Math by Arthur Benjamin and Michael Shermer contains the formula which I will elaborate here.

I will work this for Jan 1 2014 .

Now to Jan 1 2014.

Create Y2k again and remove 20.

You have 14

Get 25% of 14 (think of it as a tip and asking the waiter to keep the change - simple way to say go for the quotient and forget the reminder - have you ever forgot your reminder??? - ok..will write about this separate )

Answer = 3

Now Add 14 and 3. Year and 25% of Year

Gives you 17

Find closest multiple of 7 less than 17
Answer = 14

Subtract 17-14= 3 (Didn't we start with 3..observe the steps and it is coincidental and will change for our christmas problem)

Now use the following

Monday              1
Tuesday              2
Wednesday         3
Thursday             4
Friday                 5
Saturday             6
Sunday               7 (or 0)

In future posts  I will explain how to calculate days for other days including your birthday, your wife's birthday (if married and remember you should never forget that date.

The secret to remembering your wife's birthday is to forget it once.
She will help(!) you big time and ensure you remember every time including her mom's birthday)  and any other day in the future.

Do we have another round of Mayan calendar or any other calendar expiring like 12/12/12...Check Aztecs Calendar and make sure the if there is a prediction of end of world in their calendar.

Now try Jan 1 2030 you should get Tuesday.

Remember the formula will not work for Leap Year.  For leap year you need to substract one more..think.. and try solving 2020.

Happy Learning
Sivakumar Manikanteswaran

Blog Post #50 - Why Should I press 2 for Spanish ?


Ever wonder why you need to press 2 for Spanish and 1 for English in US when you call any US company's call center ?

Your answer  - it is because we have Latinos and Hispanics - as though it is obvious that both are similar and same and all belong to Mexico.

Ok. Even if you think both Latinos and Hispanics have anything to do with Mexico why are they speaking an European language in the new found land which is not Anglo Saxon.




Yes . I am not sure who named Europe,Asia,Africa,Australia and Antarctica or what they even mean. (Do you know?). But when it comes to 2 continents I know the story and here it is (in my own word,twisting history and fudging facts to come up with an interesting story! - go google and check wikipedia if you don't trust me!) - Amerigo Vespucci who came after Columbus was allowed to name his name for 2 continents while Columbus now just some cities in his name.

Columbus was Italian.
Amerigo Vespucci was Spaniard.

The Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand didn't want an Italian to name 2 Continents where majority of folks will be speaking Spanish.

Think Italian Continent names with Spanish spoken in both!

ok..let me confess the name of the book is

"Don't Know Much About Geography: Everything You Need to Know About the World but Never Learned"

which is where I learnt most of the stuff that I am going to write up in the context of the 2 continents,and about Portuguese and china .

But before that look at this table from Wikipedia ( as of today 12/8/2013)


RankCountry (or dependent territory)PopulationDate% of world
population
Source
World7,129,300,000December 8, 2013100%USCB's world population clock
1 China[8]1,361,500,000December 8, 201319.1%Chinese official population clock
2 India1,237,430,000December 8, 201317.4%Indian population clock
3 United States317,221,000December 8, 20134.45%Official population clock
4 Indonesia237,641,326May 1, 20103.33%2010 census result
5 Brazil201,032,714July 1, 20132.82%Official estimate
6 Pakistan185,009,000December 8, 20132.6%Official population clock
7 Nigeria173,615,000July 1, 20132.44%UN estimate[7]
8 Bangladesh152,518,015July 16, 20122.14%Official estimate
9 Russia143,600,000October 1, 20132.01%Official estimate
10 Japan127,290,000November 1, 20131.79%Monthly official estimate
11 Mexico118,395,054July 1, 20131.66%CONAPO Official estimate
12 Philippines98,783,000December 8, 20131.39%Official population clock
13 Vietnam90,388,000November 1, 20131.27%Official estimate
14 Ethiopia86,613,986July 1, 20131.21%Official estimate
15 Egypt83,661,000January 1, 20131.17%Official estimate
16 Germany80,548,000May 31, 20131.13%Official estimate
17 Iran77,046,000December 8, 20131.08%Official population clock
18 Turkey75,627,384December 31, 20121.06%Official estimate
19 Democratic Republic of the Congo67,514,000July 1, 20130.95%UN estimate
20 Thailand65,926,261September 1, 20100.92%2010 census result
21 France[9]65,834,000November 1, 20130.92%Monthly official estimate
22 United Kingdom63,705,000July 1, 20120.89%Official estimate
23 Italy59,859,996June 30, 20130.84%Monthly official estimate
24 Burma53,259,000July 1, 20130.75%UN estimate
25 South Africa52,981,991July 1, 20130.74%Official estimate
26 South Korea50,219,669July 1, 20130.7%Official estimate
27 Colombia47,362,000December 8, 20130.66%Official population clock
28 Spain46,704,314January 1, 20130.66%Annual official estimate
29 Ukraine45,455,065October 1, 20130.64%Monthly official estimate
30 Tanzania44,928,923August 26, 20120.63%2012 census result

Are you surprised by where Indonesia, Brazil,Pakistan,Nigeria and Bangladesh are located in the list?

Have you ever also though of religion of these areas 

Answer - India (13.4% Islam),Indonesia,Pakistan,Niger(50% Islam) and Bangladesh that should give you an idea how popular Islam is and growing.


Now let us get back to language - the topic of this blog.

A Small fishing village was able to colonize the largest nation  in South America Brazil . Brazil was under portuguese rule for 300 years . From 1500 to 1822.Let us start with Portugal which not only ruled Brazil but also had Indian States who were forced to speak portuguese - Goa, Daman and Diu . Never would a Brazilian guessed that an Indian will also speak Portuguese.









Lets turn to some other facts

According to http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/populations/ctyareal.htm

you can find the following some interesting facts.
Brazil is the 5th largest country. Larger than Australia and India. We will use Size  not population for now 



                 



COUNTRY
Population
Land Area (sq km)
Pop density(sq km) 
Pop density (Sq Miles)
Pop density(Sq Miles)
1
Russia
143,420,300
17,075,200.00
               8.00
6,592,768.87
             21.75
2
Canada
32,805,000
9,976,140.00
               3.00
3,851,807.61
                9.00
3
United States of America
295,734,100
9,629,091.00
             30.71
3,717,811.29
             79.55
4
China
1,306,313,800
9,596,960.00
          136.12
3,705,405.45
           352.54
5
Brazil
186,112,800
8,511,965.00
             21.86
3,286,486.71
             56.63

6
Australia
20,090,400
7,686,850.00
               3.00
2,967,908.16
                7.00
7
India
1,080,264,400
3,287,590.00
          328.59
1,269,345.07
           851.04
8
Argentina
39,537,900
2,766,890.00
             14.29
1,068,301.76
             37.01
9
Kazakhstan
15,185,000
2,717,300.00
               6.00
1,049,154.96
             14.47
10
Sudan
40,187,500
2,505,810.00
             16.04
967,498.25
             41.54

11
Algeria
32,531,900
2,381,740.00
             13.66
919,594.58
             35.38
12
Congo (Dem. Rep. of )
60,085,800
2,345,410.00
             25.62
905,567.49
             66.35
13
Mexico
106,202,900
1,972,550.00
             53.84
761,605.50
           139.45
14
Saudi Arabia
26,417,600
1,960,582.00
             13.47
756,984.63
             34.90
15
Indonesia
241,973,900
1,919,440.00
          126.06
741,099.62
           326.51

16
Libya
5,765,600
1,759,540.00
               3.00
679,361.91
                8.00
17
Iran
68,017,900
1,648,000.00
             41.27
636,296.10
           106.90
18
Mongolia
2,791,300
1,565,000.00
               2.00
604,249.63
                5.00
19
Peru
27,925,600
1,285,220.00
             21.73
496,226.01
             56.28
20
Chad
9,826,400
1,284,000.00
               8.00
495,754.97
             19.82













What does this data show ?
You may not have realized size matters. Size does matter if we have resources that can be extracted or used.  People and natural resource can be effectively used and can sustain if the land is usable or can be made productive using technology.

Where has China invested billions in the last couple of years? Answer - Africa.
Where else has China invested billions - in building ports/. Sri lanka, Greece and even Bahamas . See a theme?
1 Billion People speak Chinese




Empire building always require ports. We will talk about it later. Again back to language.

Over 1 billion people speak Chinese.  The two most common dialects are Mandarin and Cantonese.  


My Chinese friends from North of China speak Mandarin and any friend from south or from Hong Kong speaks Cantonese. 

Next time when you meet a Chinese ask that person if she speaks Mandarin or Cantonese.
Remember Chinese don't speak Chinese.!!!

The Great 
Britain (aka United Kingdom aka England - who can really tell me why we are not able to 

understand what this countries name is?) is 76th in the list!








76 UK60,441,500244,820.00          246.8894,525.49           639.42

Yes. That's right - We were taught in India " The sun never sets in British Empire". Some of us many not know the same was true for Spanish Empire and the  French too.

French and Spanish


47
France
60,656,200
547,030.00
          110.88
211,209.38
           287.19
48
Yemen
20,727,100
527,970.00
             39.26
203,850.27
           101.68
49
Thailand
65,444,400
514,000.00
          127.32
198,456.43
           329.77
50
Spain
40,341,500
504,782.00
             79.92
194,897.34
           206.99
51
Turkmenistan
4,952,100
488,100.00
             10.15
188,456.39
             26.28










Some Africans Nations speak French - Ivory Coast






Some Indian states can speak French - Pondicherry

In Canada the state of Quebec speak French.

21 African countries that speak French: 1. Democratic Republic of the Congo 2. Madagascar 3. Cameroon 4. Côte d'Ivoire 5. Burkina Faso 6. Niger 7. Senegal 8. Mali 9. Rwanda 10.Guinea 11. Chad 12. Burundi 13. Benin 14. Togo 15. Central African Republic 16. Republic of the Congo 17. Gabon 18. Comoros 19. Equatorial Guinea 20. Djibouti 21. Seychelles Furthermore,there are 6 African countries were French is not official, but widely used: 1. Morocco 2. Algeria 3. Tunisia 5. Mauritania 6. Mauritius (according to answers.com)

In USA New orleans has its french quarters and french culture.

While my wife and I can speak great french ( I included great because her french is great and while  is bad .. and we travelled in France they said this couple can speak great French as Great + bad = Great!) folks in Pondicherry might not know that canadians,some africans and Americans will speak french!.



Spanish is not just spoken in USA but also... (I have heard more spanish than in USA than any other country I have been - So far i have been in 13 and that list doesn't include Spain  -the world is what I witness and learn and not what are mere facts) 

It is a complex world when you look at where and how many people speak English.




Raised in South of India as a tamilian Language has always been sensitive issue for me. 
The issue of Tamil Elam and LTTE has always been part of growing up where every day news paper was about state of Tamil Nadu and its support for Tamilians while India as a country took a different stand based on political climate.









Liberation Tamil Tigers for fought for Tamil Eelam . As far as the fight was concerned it was officially put to an sri lankan government with help from Chinese (now read the beginning of the post about the port and why Sri Lanka allowed Chinese to become a Blue water Navy!!)  . Again this is a conspiracy theory - not sure how true.

The other issue is that of Hindi. Tamil nadu never accepted Hindi as official language of India while Tamilians from then to today love to watch hindi movies and songs.. from Sholay to Chennai Express while still the perception is that Hindi is not to be accepted as Indian official language. 

Here is something I learnt

Check any countries currency and you will know the officially recognized language.

Example  - Singapore currency has all its 4 official languages 

Malay,Mandarin (note not chinese not Cantonese) ,Tamil and English.





Now look at the indian currency and what do you see?




I could count 15 languages (13 in the list + Hindi + English)

Ask an Indian What is the official language of India?

Hindi - Yes? English - Yes?
What about Telugu? - The language most spoken in India other than Hindi is Telegu if you didn't know that fact.

Now let us take a look a US. While majority of Indians in US can Speak hindi or Telugu or Tamil most of us wait for our children to become proficient in Spanish.

Is Spanish an official language in US? All of Corporate America believes so. 


During World War 2 there were posters like the following




There is a myth 
 “In 1776, German came within one vote of becoming America's official language instead of English.”

So When I hear comments like he got a southern accent I think I have a Victorian accent. The British ruled us , taught all colonies English .

Americans were smart to make it American.

Other Colonies remained with Victorian English and the British changed theirs to British (whatever that means but I can tell you when I spoke in London they spoke differently.. colonial Victorian -mine vs. British - theirs).

Living in Texas and going to Fredericksburg and celebrating oktoberfest I think Texas can should German and Spanish as its official language.

Final Thought --

Whenever I go to a restaurant I look for appetites and remember my grandfather.  

Born in 1908 Under the colonial rule he was a teacher and a famer. Being well versed in English and Tamil he used to tell me that the British could never say Milagu Rasam.
Milagu = Pepper
Rasam = Soup (with lentils , tomato/tamarind.. primarily made as a dish to mix with rice)

Also the British in Tamil Nadu loved this dish but didn't like to mix with Rice .
They preferred this to be served in a soup bowl and christened a new name
Miladuthanisoup

Thani - here is Thanni the word for water in Tamil as Rasam was usually a dish with most water.

So Rasam became Thani Soup which is now finally called 
Mulligatawny.

Next time when you see Mulligatawny soup remember it is simply pepper water in Tamil and enjoy the tasty pepper preparation which is aptly in the appetizer category

Happy Learning
Sivakumar Manikanteswaran